This book documents the history of economic discourse in Australia and New Zealand from the early days of European settlement. Many of the early economists were immigrants (William Hearn, Charles Pearson, Catherine Spence, David Syme). A few (such as W.C. Wentworth, born on the First Fleet) were proud natives, self-taught but confident and assertive in their use of economic arguments. The 20th century brought European refugees (Heinz Arndt, Harro Bernardelli, Fred Gruen, Kurt Singer) and a healthy crop of locally-born public servant-economists (Bernard Ashwin, John Crawford, 'Nugget' Coombs, Leslie Melville, Roland Wilson). There were theorists of international renown (Richard Manning, Wilfred Salter, Trevor Swan), some who made important contributions to public policy debates (Ronald Henderson, Eric Russell) or distinguished themselves in econometrics (Rex Bergstrom, Bill Phillips). The 130 entries in this volume have been written by more than 50 international authorities, revealing the depth and diversity of economics in Australia and New Zealand over almost two centuries. This biographical dictionary is a rich and comprehensive original reference work that will appeal to many economists and researchers of history and public policy in addition to those involved in the history of economic thought.

Post Keynesianism offers an appealing alternative to the mainstream approach to economics, which makes this volume particularly welcome. John King draws on his expertise to provide a clear, accessible and cohesive overview. He explains how Post Keynesian economics is different from other schools of thought, including other 'Keynesianisms', emphasizing its distinctive methodology. King explores the nature and evolution of Post Keynesian ideas and spells out their relevance for current economic analysis and policy-making, using the crisis as a case study.' - Sheila Dow, University of Stirling, UK and University of Victoria, Canada'John E. King's Advanced Introduction to Post Keynesian Economics provides a superb overview of this school of thought. It covers the main areas of contribution and distinguishes Post Keynesian economics both from orthodox economics and from other heterodox schools, in a clear and accessible way. In a time of increasing demand for relevance and pluralism in economics, this book will be extremely useful for students and young researchers interested in alternatives to current mainstream economics.' - Eckhard Hein, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Germany Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. This brief but comprehensive account of the Post Keynesian approach to economic theory and policy is ideal for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in economics, public policy and other social sciences. Clear, non-technical and with a strong policy focus, it will also appeal to all of those who are dissatisfied with mainstream economics and wish to explore the alternatives. John King sets out the distinctive features of Post Keynesian economics and their implications for the assessment of alternative proposals for domestic and international macroeconomic policy. He begins by outlining the core elements of Post Keynesian theory and explains how it differs from other schools, including the so-called 'Old Keynesian' and 'New Keynesian' theories. Subsequent chapters deal with the important methodological issues that distinguish the Post Keynesians from mainstream economists, in addition to their treatment of firms, workers and households, the analysis of economic growth and development, as well as international economics. The Post Keynesian approach to monetary and fiscal policy, incomes and the environment is also summarized, with particular attention being paid to controversies over austerity and the reform of the financial sector and international monetary system. The Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 is used as a case study to illustrate many of the significant theoretical and policy questions raised in previous chapters. The relationship between Post Keynesian and other branches of heterodox economics are explored, and the book concludes with a brief discussion of the future prospects for the Post Keynesian school.

This thoroughly revised and updated second edition provides a comprehensive guide to Post Keynesian methodology, theory and policy prescriptions. The Companion reflects the challenges posed by the global financial crisis that began in 2008 and by the consolidation of the New Neoclassical Synthesis in macroeconomic theory. There are 41 entirely new entries, marking the emergence of a new generation of Post Keynesian scholars. The central issues that were dealt with in the first edition remain at the core of the book, but much more attention is paid in this second edition to financial markets, to Post Keynesian economics outside its traditional Anglo-American heartland and to gender issues and environmental policy. Including major theoretical, methodological and policy issues in Post Keynesian economics, this enriching Companion will strongly appeal to postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students in economics as well as related social science disciplines including international political economy, international relations, politics, public policy and sociology. Contributors: A. Altuzarra, P. Arestis, T. Asada, A. Barba, T. Baskoy, J. Bibow, S. Blankenburg, R.A. Blecker, H. Bloch, A. Brown, D. Bunting, F.J. Cardim de Carvalho, V. Chick, J. Cornwall, W. Cornwall, J. Courvisanos, C. Danby, F. Dantas, P. Davidson, L.F. De Paula, D. Dequech, S.C. Dow, P. Downward, S. Dullien, S.P. Dunn, A.K. Dutt, S. Fazzari, F. Ferrari-Filho, B. Fine, G. Fontana, M. Forstater, G. Fujii, R. Garnett, B. Gerrard, M. Glickman, G.C. Gu, G.C. Harcourt, J.T. Harvey, M. Hayes, E. Hein, J.F. Henry, G. Hewitson, M.C. Howard, P. Howells, T. Jefferson, J. Jespersen, T.-H. Jo, D.W. Katzner, S. Keen, S. Kelton, J.E. King, P. Kriesler, M. Lavoie, J. Leclaire, F.S. Lee, J. Lodewijks, M.C. Marcuzzo, J.S.L. McCombie, E.J. McKenna, A. Mearman, J. Melmies, W. Mitchell, G. Mongiovi, T. Mott, T. Mouakil, Y. Nersisyan, J.W. Nevile, T. Niechoj, R. O'Donnell, P.A. O'Hara, A. Pacella, T.I. Palley, G. Palma, C. Panico, S.D. Parsons, N. Perry, M. Pivetti, R. Pollin, S. Pressman, J. Priewe, A. Razmi, R. Realfonzo, C. Rider, L.-P. Rochon, C.J. Rodriguez-Fuentes, S. Rossi, C. Sardoni, M. Sawyer, R.H. Scott III, M. Setterfield, N. Shapiro, H.J. Sherman, P. Skott, J. Smithin, E. Stockhammer, R. Studart, P.R. Tcherneva, A.P. Thirlwall, Z. Todorova, J. Toporowski, G. Tortorella Esposito, A.B. Trigg, E. Tymoigne, L. Ussher, T. Van Treeck, A. Vercelli, M. Vernengo, M. Watts, E. Webster, A. Winnett, M.H. Wolfson, L.R. Wray, D.C. Zannoni

Post Keynesianism offers an appealing alternative to the mainstream approach to economics, which makes this volume particularly welcome. John King draws on his expertise to provide a clear, accessible and cohesive overview. He explains how Post Keynesian economics is different from other schools of thought, including other 'Keynesianisms', emphasizing its distinctive methodology. King explores the nature and evolution of Post Keynesian ideas and spells out their relevance for current economic analysis and policy-making, using the crisis as a case study.' - Sheila Dow, University of Stirling, UK and University of Victoria, Canada'John E. King's Advanced Introduction to Post Keynesian Economics provides a superb overview of this school of thought. It covers the main areas of contribution and distinguishes Post Keynesian economics both from orthodox economics and from other heterodox schools, in a clear and accessible way. In a time of increasing demand for relevance and pluralism in economics, this book will be extremely useful for students and young researchers interested in alternatives to current mainstream economics.' - Eckhard Hein, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Germany Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. This brief but comprehensive account of the Post Keynesian approach to economic theory and policy is ideal for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in economics, public policy and other social sciences. Clear, non-technical and with a strong policy focus, it will also appeal to all of those who are dissatisfied with mainstream economics and wish to explore the alternatives. John King sets out the distinctive features of Post Keynesian economics and their implications for the assessment of alternative proposals for domestic and international macroeconomic policy. He begins by outlining the core elements of Post Keynesian theory and explains how it differs from other schools, including the so-called 'Old Keynesian' and 'New Keynesian' theories. Subsequent chapters deal with the important methodological issues that distinguish the Post Keynesians from mainstream economists, in addition to their treatment of firms, workers and households, the analysis of economic growth and development, as well as international economics. The Post Keynesian approach to monetary and fiscal policy, incomes and the environment is also summarized, with particular attention being paid to controversies over austerity and the reform of the financial sector and international monetary system. The Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 is used as a case study to illustrate many of the significant theoretical and policy questions raised in previous chapters. The relationship between Post Keynesian and other branches of heterodox economics are explored, and the book concludes with a brief discussion of the future prospects for the Post Keynesian school.

This book answers a number of important questions about the distribution of wealth among people and the way that this distribution has changed over time. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the personal distribution of wealth from many dimensions: economic, statistical, ethical, political, sociological and legal. Using data from 21 countries, this book demonstrates how inequality in the distribution of wealth varies between different parts of the world and how it evolves, with particular emphasis on the claim that there has been a long-term and continued increase in inequality since the 1970s in most countries. It discusses alternative ways of measuring the degree of inequality, analyses Thomas Piketty's claim that society has become more unequal in recent decades, and assesses the relative importance of the various determinants of the distribution of wealth. The authors explain why the distribution of wealth is unequal, and discuss how it could be changed with alternative policies and the possible consequences of these policies for economic efficiency. The authors also compare the different distributions of wealth that are implied by alternative views of society. This is a valuable resource for students and academics in economics, political science and sociology seeking a state-of-the-art account of the theory and evidence surrounding inequality in the distribution of wealth.

This is a unique, comprehensive and international history of the post Keynesian approach to economics since 1936. The author locates the origins of post Keynesian economics in the conflicting initial interpretations of Keynes's General Theory and in the complementary work of Michal Kalecki. The book begins by focusing on Cambridge Growth, Distribution and Capital theory and early post Keynesian thought in the US. The failure of post Keynesian theory to supplant the neo-classical paradigm in the 1970s is also discussed, along with an overview of post Keynesian thinking in other countries. The book then deals with the search for coherence between various strands of post Keynesian thought and other schools of economic thought. The author concludes by assessing the progress made by post Keynesian economics since 1936 and considers several possible alternative futures for the post Keynesians. Historians of economic thought as well as post Keynesian and other heterodox economists will warmly welcome A History of Post Keynesian Economics.

This volume contains a selection of articles on and by Nicholas Kaldor which concentrate on his theoretical and applied economics of growth. Part 1 features an autobiographical article by Kaldor, three biographical sketches, and a hitherto unpublished conversation with A.P. Thirlwall on Kaldor's life and work. Part 2 includes his early contributions to steady-state growth theory, including two of his best-known models, a number of critical appraisals, and Kaldor's replies. Part 3 deals with his long flirtation with Verdoorn's Law, while the articles in Part 4 cover the last stage of Kaldor's thinking on growth and concentrate on world economy models of increasing returns and export-constrained growth.

In this challenging book, John King makes a sustained and comprehensive attack on the dogma that macroeconomic theory must have 'rigorous microfoundations'. He draws on both the philosophy of science and the history of economic thought to demonstrate the dangers of foundational metaphors and the defects of micro-reduction as a methodological principle. Strong criticism of the microfoundations dogma is documented in great detail, from some mainstream and many heterodox economists and also from economic methodologists, social theorists and evolutionary biologists. The author argues for the relative autonomy of macroeconomics as a distinct 'special science', cooperating with but most definitely not reducible to microeconomics. The Microfoundations Delusion will prove a stimulating and thought-provoking read for scholars, students and researchers in the fields of economics, heterodox economics and history of economic thought.

This vital addition to the Routledge History of Economic Thought series surveys arguably the most important country in the development of economics as we know it today - the United States of America. A History of American Economic Thought is a comprehensive study of American economics as it has evolved over time, with several singularly unique features including: a thorough examination of the economics of American aboriginals prior to 1492; a detailed discussion of American economics as it has developed during the last fifty years; and a generous dose of non-mainstream American economics under the rubrics "Other Voices" and "Crosscurrents." It is far from being a native American community, and numerous social reformers and those with alternative points of view are given as much weight as the established figures who dominate the mainstream of the profession. Generous doses of American economic history are presented where appropriate to give context to the story of American economics as it proceeds through the ages, from seventeenth-century pre-independence into the twentieth-first century packed full of influential figures including John Bates Clark, Thorstein Veblen, Irving Fisher, Paul Samuelson, and John Kenneth Galbraith, to name but a few. This volume has something for everyone interested in the history of economic thought, the nexus of American economic thought and American economic history, the fusion of American economics and philosophy, and the history of science.

This is a unique, comprehensive and international history of the post Keynesian approach to economics since 1936. The author locates the origins of post Keynesian economics in the conflicting initial interpretations of Keynes's General Theory and in the complementary work of Michal Kalecki. The book begins by focusing on Cambridge Growth, Distribution and Capital theory and early post Keynesian thought in the US. The failure of post Keynesian theory to supplant the neo-classical paradigm in the 1970s is also discussed, along with an overview of post Keynesian thinking in other countries. The book then deals with the search for coherence between various strands of post Keynesian thought and other schools of economic thought. The author concludes by assessing the progress made by post Keynesian economics since 1936 and considers several possible alternative futures for the post Keynesians. Historians of economic thought as well as post Keynesian and other heterodox economists will warmly welcome A History of Post Keynesian Economics.

What did the ref say to the chicken who tripped a defender? Fowl Why was the footballer upset on his birthday? He got a red card These and many more howlers to make you laugh even if we lose the Cup!!!

This authoritative and up to date bibliography is a comprehensive introduction to the large and disparate literature on the post Keynesian school of economics and its leading figures. With over three thousand entries listed under 18 headings, and a separate author index, this invaluable reference tool will improve access to the primary contributions to the school. In one volume J.E. King has collected material from the founders of the school, such as Richard Kahn, Nicholas Kaldor, Michal Kalecki, Joan Robinson, Piero Sraffa and Sidney Weintraub, their successors and disciples, and economists openly hostile to post Keynesianism whose work has nevertheless shed light on the school. This comprehensive and fully annotated bibliography covers the most important items published on post Keynesian economics from the 1930s to the present day.

Get up to speed with the future of logic switch design with this indispensable overview of the most promising successors to modern CMOS transistors. Learn how to overcome existing design challenges using novel device concepts, presented using an in-depth, accessible, tutorial-style approach. Drawing on the expertise of leading researchers from both industry and academia, and including insightful contributions from the developers of many of these alternative logic devices, new concepts are introduced and discussed from a range of different viewpoints, covering all the necessary theoretical background and developmental context. Covering cutting-edge developments with the potential to overcome existing limitations on transistor performance, such as tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs), alternative charge-based devices, spin-based devices, and more exotic approaches, this is essential reading for academic researchers, professional engineers, and graduate students working with semiconductor devices and technology.

In this challenging book, John King makes a sustained and comprehensive attack on the dogma that macroeconomic theory must have 'rigorous microfoundations'. He draws on both the philosophy of science and the history of economic thought to demonstrate the dangers of foundational metaphors and the defects of micro-reduction as a methodological principle. Strong criticism of the microfoundations dogma is documented in great detail, from some mainstream and many heterodox economists and also from economic methodologists, social theorists and evolutionary biologists. The author argues for the relative autonomy of macroeconomics as a distinct 'special science', cooperating with but most definitely not reducible to microeconomics. The Microfoundations Delusion will prove a stimulating and thought-provoking read for scholars, students and researchers in the fields of economics, heterodox economics and history of economic thought.

What happens if you see twin witches?

You won’t be able to tell which witch is which

What did the skeleton say when his brother told a lie?

You can’t fool me, I can see right through you

These and many more howlers will make you laugh your head off (in most cases not literally).

This thoroughly revised and updated second edition provides a comprehensive guide to Post Keynesian methodology, theory and policy prescriptions. The Companion reflects the challenges posed by the global financial crisis that began in 2008 and by the consolidation of the New Neoclassical Synthesis in macroeconomic theory. There are 41 entirely new entries, marking the emergence of a new generation of Post Keynesian scholars. The central issues that were dealt with in the first edition remain at the core of the book, but much more attention is paid in this second edition to financial markets, to Post Keynesian economics outside its traditional Anglo-American heartland and to gender issues and environmental policy. Including major theoretical, methodological and policy issues in Post Keynesian economics, this enriching Companion will strongly appeal to postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students in economics as well as related social science disciplines including international political economy, international relations, politics, public policy and sociology. Contributors: A. Altuzarra, P. Arestis, T. Asada, A. Barba, T. Baskoy, J. Bibow, S. Blankenburg, R.A. Blecker, H. Bloch, A. Brown, D. Bunting, F.J. Cardim de Carvalho, V. Chick, J. Cornwall, W. Cornwall, J. Courvisanos, C. Danby, F. Dantas, P. Davidson, L.F. De Paula, D. Dequech, S.C. Dow, P. Downward, S. Dullien, S.P. Dunn, A.K. Dutt, S. Fazzari, F. Ferrari-Filho, B. Fine, G. Fontana, M. Forstater, G. Fujii, R. Garnett, B. Gerrard, M. Glickman, G.C. Gu, G.C. Harcourt, J.T. Harvey, M. Hayes, E. Hein, J.F. Henry, G. Hewitson, M.C. Howard, P. Howells, T. Jefferson, J. Jespersen, T.-H. Jo, D.W. Katzner, S. Keen, S. Kelton, J.E. King, P. Kriesler, M. Lavoie, J. Leclaire, F.S. Lee, J. Lodewijks, M.C. Marcuzzo, J.S.L. McCombie, E.J. McKenna, A. Mearman, J. Melmies, W. Mitchell, G. Mongiovi, T. Mott, T. Mouakil, Y. Nersisyan, J.W. Nevile, T. Niechoj, R. O'Donnell, P.A. O'Hara, A. Pacella, T.I. Palley, G. Palma, C. Panico, S.D. Parsons, N. Perry, M. Pivetti, R. Pollin, S. Pressman, J. Priewe, A. Razmi, R. Realfonzo, C. Rider, L.-P. Rochon, C.J. Rodriguez-Fuentes, S. Rossi, C. Sardoni, M. Sawyer, R.H. Scott III, M. Setterfield, N. Shapiro, H.J. Sherman, P. Skott, J. Smithin, E. Stockhammer, R. Studart, P.R. Tcherneva, A.P. Thirlwall, Z. Todorova, J. Toporowski, G. Tortorella Esposito, A.B. Trigg, E. Tymoigne, L. Ussher, T. Van Treeck, A. Vercelli, M. Vernengo, M. Watts, E. Webster, A. Winnett, M.H. Wolfson, L.R. Wray, D.C. Zannoni

This vital addition to the Routledge History of Economic Thought series surveys arguably the most important country in the development of economics as we know it today - the United States of America. A History of American Economic Thought is a comprehensive study of American economics as it has evolved over time, with several singularly unique features including: a thorough examination of the economics of American aboriginals prior to 1492; a detailed discussion of American economics as it has developed during the last fifty years; and a generous dose of non-mainstream American economics under the rubrics "Other Voices" and "Crosscurrents." It is far from being a native American community, and numerous social reformers and those with alternative points of view are given as much weight as the established figures who dominate the mainstream of the profession. Generous doses of American economic history are presented where appropriate to give context to the story of American economics as it proceeds through the ages, from seventeenth-century pre-independence into the twentieth-first century packed full of influential figures including John Bates Clark, Thorstein Veblen, Irving Fisher, Paul Samuelson, and John Kenneth Galbraith, to name but a few. This volume has something for everyone interested in the history of economic thought, the nexus of American economic thought and American economic history, the fusion of American economics and philosophy, and the history of science.

This is a study of industrial unrest in the cotton industry at a time when the economy was on the threshold of mid-Victorian prosperity, and when Chartism was still much more than a memory. The town of Preston was the crucial battlefield, and here the masters and men fought out a bitter trial of strength. The strike of 1853-54 closed the Preston cotton industry for seven months, and disrupted production in many other towns in Lancashire. Against the implacable opposition of the masters, the strikers toured the country to organize support, and raised GBP100,000 in subscriptions from their fellow operatives. The dispute featured prominently in the national and provincial press, and the weavers' delegates, notably George Cowell and Mortimer Grimshaw, became celebrities overnight. After five months, the employers brought in blackleg labour, and when the detested `knobsticks' failed to break the strike they had the operatives' leaders arrested. These moves did not deter the cotton workers, who were forced back to work only when their financial reserves were exhausted. Their campaign ended defiantly, as it had begun, with cries of `Ten Per Cent still, and no surrender'. This book is their story.